Ghana

The high vulnerability score and high readiness score of Ghana places it in the upper-right quadrant of the ND-GAIN Matrix. It is on the road to responding effectively to climate change, but the adaptation needs and urgency to act are greater. Ghana is the 59th most vulnerable country and the 90th least ready country.
Projected change of deaths from climate change induced diseases 0.333
Projected change in vector-borne diseases 0.067
Dependency on external resource for health services 0.538
Slum population 0.391
Medical staff 0.916
Access to improved sanitation facilities 1.000

Ecosystem Services 0.446
Projected change of biome distribution 0.565
Projected change of marine biodiversity 0.317
Natural capital dependency 0.509
Ecological footprint 0.456
Protected biome 0.210
Engagement in international environmental conventions 0.619

Human Habitat 0.631
Projected change of warm periods 1.000
Projected change of flood hazard 0.510
Urban concentration 0.252
Age dependency ratio 0.561
Quality of trade and transport infrastructure 0.583
Paved roads 0.881

Infrastructure 0.217
Projected change of hydropower generation capacity 0.430
Projected change of sea level rise impacts 0.006
Dependency on imported energy 0
Population living under 5m above sea level 0.109
Electricity access 0.442
Disaster preparedness 0.313

South Africa
The low vulnerability score and high readiness score of South Africa places it in the lower-right quadrant of the ND-GAIN Matrix. Adaptation challenges still exist, but South Africa is well positioned to adapt. South Africa is the 78th least vulnerable country and the 91st most ready country.
Nigeria
The high vulnerability score and low readiness score of Nigeria places it in the upper-left quadrant of the ND-GAIN Matrix. It has both a great need for investment and innovations to improve readiness and a great urgency for action. Nigeria is the 56th most vulnerable country and the 14th least ready country.